The spread of ICT in education and learning has changed the way of teaching and learning, and this raised the issue of getting e-learning systems to adapt/personalize with respect to student's knowledge achievement. However, the relation between the concepts in the programming domain are not definitive and they are fuzzily related. In this Paper, we describe a practical experience for developing adaptable e-learning system using fuzzy logic to model and evaluate student's knowledge for the purpose of adaptation in the field of Computer Programming. Fuzzy logic technique modeled as a plugin on MOODLE Learning Management System at the Libyan Academy for Postgraduate Studies is developed. Conclusions highlighted some important lessons in increasing learning effectiveness and learner's satisfaction.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and improve the performance of filling machines for the food manufacturing line based on discrete-event simulation. A simulation model was built to assess machines breakdowns using purely historical data provided by the operations and analyzed for the first time over a period of 28 months. The data of MTBF and MTTR have been extracted in order to replicate the existing machines, breakdown occurrences, failure, and repair distributions of machines. Further, the statistical distributions have been applied in the first model and the data were also used to calculate the components of the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of the filling line to identify potential areas of improvement. The models were built using the Arena Simulation Package to represent and animate tools of the filling line machines with a series of elements in order to improve the display for the human interface. The simulation was validated taking into consideration the replicating of the business model in a computer system with totally risk-free and create “what if” scenarios to test strategic changes and extract results. The outcome of the simulations was the basis of OEE analysis and assessment. The operation of the B-production line is not as expected, the availability was very low compared to the target 90%, and equipment’s failure losses present 64% of total availability losses while the remaining 36% is related to production losses. A validated simulation model can be a useful tool in the maintenance decision-making process.

Photovoltaic (PV) power systems convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV system can be contributed to energy generation in the electrical network to provide a sustainable access to electricity and to stimulate development. As result of that, solar system makes power supply more reliable and resilient. Due to weak grid and case of blackouts, PV system can be used as an effective solution to solve problem to provide electrical energy for house load. Furthermore, using solar system for electrical energy demand that cause improved living conditions and contributing to achieve environmental, economic and social objectives. As result of reduction of greenhouse gases and creation of local employment. A residential PV power system enable a homeowner to generate some or all of their daily electrical energy demand on their own roof. In this paper, designing (PV) system to provide all households electrical demand during all day with connection to grid as backup for the system with flexibility to switch the system between off grid and grid connection. Size of PV designed based on power consumption of Household Loads. In addition, the size of batteries charges and Inverter depends on power consumption. HOMER software is used to simulate and analyze the PV system. It can supply all electrical house load from PV system. 

This study included the determination of caffeine and elements in the different varieties of tea samples (local tea, China green tea (NAPT), Kabbos, Wazzah, and Lipton Yellow Label) These elements are Ca, F, Na, and K where it was determined by using the Flame photometer model BWB Technologies UK LTD. the results have shown that the highest elemental value for sodium and potassium was in local tea (123.4ppm, 317.4ppm ) respectively, and the highest value for calcium was in China green tea(NAPT) (98.3ppm), while the amount of extracted caffeine was the highest value for it in Kabbos (2.6g) and followed in Wazzah (2.1g)

In this paper we conclude the theoretical approach to practical application for Libyan 220 KV network . Starting with introduction to Annual Average Customer Interruption Rate  (AACIR) method, and brief description to Libyan power system, then analysis for whole Libyan transmission network reliability data with calculation of some reliability indices , after that we explain some different case studies that concludes the various states of operation conditions of transmission grid, then the full calculation of AACIR for whole 220 KV transmission network was achieved ission network was acheved ration conditions of transmission grid, then the full calculation of AACIR for whole 220 KV transm for all 220 KV substation loads for three years 2017, 2018, and 2019 as two load points for each substation. The transmission line reliability takes important place in overall power system reliability evaluation, because the transmission lines are the most exposure part to the fault in power system, mainly due to bad weather conditions.  The evaluation of transmission lines reliability is accumulated with power system operations , that leads to the new reliability term called " Operational reliability ".

The main goal of the current paper is focused to investigate and reveal the importance critical transition temperatures. Different techniques were used to reveal the critical transition temperatures. The medium carbon vanadium titanium and titanium free micro alloyed steels tested in this work by isothermal treatment. In order to reveal experimentally the critical forming temperatures and compare it by predicted using equations and also describe the influence of alloying elements (Titanium) on the transformation behavior, martensitic starting formation temperature. This study has been carried out over a wide range of isothermal treatment temperature (270-350 ^○C). Samples were investigated using optical microscope (OM) and Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) and it has been found that the tested procedure method give excellent results for the medium carbon vanadium titanium and titanium free micro alloyed steels.

We investigate and present a new result in NG groups that consisting of consisting of non-bijective transformations cannot be subset of symmetric groups. In this paper, we revive the concepts of NG groups. Moreover, we introduce the definition of regular NG and inverse NG the new concept as new results in these groups.  Hover, some properties are studied. 

A numerical simulation was performed to investigate the effects of longitudinal vortices on the heat transfer enhancement of a laminar flow in a rectangle duct mounted with rectangular winglet pair on the bottom wall. A CFD ANSYS Fluent software was used to compute the 3-D steady viscous flows with heat transfer. The effects of Reynolds number ranging from 250 to 2000, winglet heights and different attack angles of the vortex generators were studied. The comparisons of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for the cases with and without rectangular winglet pair were carried out using parameters such as the Nusselt number, the friction coefficient and performance evaluation criteria PEC to gauge the overall efficiency of the system. Results show that mounting rectangular winglet pair on a channel flow can significantly enhance heat transfer. The distributions of secondary flow on the cross sections are consistent with the distributions of Nu and f for different attack angles. The results show that there is a 11 - 29% increase in the Nusselt number for channels with LVGs, while the friction factor increased by 19 - 30%, causing the overall PEC to increase by 4 - 18%, for the studied range of Reynolds number. Under constant geometrical parameters, the Nu and pressure drop increased as the height of the RWP increased. The maximum heat transfer performance is obtained when the attack angle is 30° due to the maximum value of secondary flow generated by rectangular winglet pair.

The performance evaluation is done considering the network parameters jitter, packet end to end delay, and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Integration of Quality of service (QoS) with the internet protocol (IP) and Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks may enhance the performance of network. Various scheduling algorithms have been used for implementing QoS on a network. The simulation was done using OPNET modeler 14.5,the simulation results show that using TE along with QoS in MPLS network decrease the jitter packet delay variation and end to end packet delay for voice traffic. MPLS is a new paradigm in routing architectures which has ensures the reliability of the communication minimizing the delays and enhancing the speed of packet transfer. One important feature of MPLS its capability of providing Traffic Engineering (TE) which plays a vital role for minimizing the congestion by efficient load, balancing and management of the network resources. 

The patterns of over-the-counter medication (OTC) usage among adolescents in Libya were largely understudied. The objective of this study is to determine the perception of the pharmacists in dispensing the OTC medicines to the adolescents. There were 24 pharmacists work at private pharmacies at Benghazi-Libya participate at this study. The pharmacists have answered a survey comprised of 17 questions voluntary. The response to all questionnaires collected and statistically analyzed with SPSS program (Statistical package for social science students, version 2012). This study shows that the pharmacists participate strongly in dispensing the OTC medicines to the aldolescents. This suggests that, improved knowledge of adolescents’ self-medication behaviour in this country is needed to develop public health policies and strategies to preserve their health. The pharmacists have an important role in monitoring the OTC use and preventing potential drug abuse. Pharmacists should be encouraged to screen OTC use through advanced training programmes to educate adolescents about the proper use of OTC and the hazards that might be associated with such way of OTC usage.

In this work, we suggested several simple experiments to determine the Curie temperature using available apparatus, with concentration on use of Smartphone. The main purpose of the first practice is to use Smartphone  to determine the dependence of the component x of the magnetic field produced by different magnets. The result obtained in this part confirm the dependence of the magnetic field with the distance takes the form  x^-3 , in total agreement with theoretical analysis. In the second practice we determined the Curie temperature of a ferromagnetic material in the form of the spiral-heating wire. With the voltage and current values for spiral wire equal to V=50.V, and I=3.2A, respectively, its surface temperature was found to be 1195 K. In the third practice where Curie temperature was determined using Smartphone magnetometer, the drawing of square magnetization(M²) of the permanent magnet at various temperatures showing that the square magnetization decreases linearly with temperature, and will approach zero when the temperature increases to the Curie temperature. In our case the measurement results and calculation show that the Curie temperature (T_C.Approx) 378K. In the fourth practice where Curie temperature for ferromagnetic spheres were determined, we noticed that while the temperature of the spheres is above its Curie temperature , the spheres remains in contact with the thermocouple. When slowly falling temperature reaches T_C, the sphere recovers its ferromagnetic property and jumps to the magnet. The corresponding Curie temperatures , 898K for small sphere, and 973K for larger sphere.

load forecasting is one of the important concerns of power system ,and it is essential for managing supply and demand of electricity .the short term load forecast (STLF) is important to predict the near future loads, since there are various factors that influence the behavior of the consumer loads . The most important factors that may be considered and effects load forecasting are load, temperature, and humidity, changes with time .in this research the Method of fuzzy logic (FL) will applied for forecasting the short-term load, for Libyan western electric power system.

  Historical hourly load data available that are collected during the year 2013 by General Electric Company of Libya (GECOL), which will be used for the testing of the fuzzy logic forecasting models. Also the weather hourly data for year 2013 are used. Then forecasting load results were estimated and compared to actual load using year 2015 load and weather data. 

Constantly increasing demand for electricity due to growing of population and industrial development, is putting power industry on great pressure of increasing the power generation.

   Increasing demand potentially causes deterioration of the environment due to the combustion of fossil fuels to meet the energy generation needs. Continuing of adding new generation capacity while keeping carbon dioxide (CO2) emission at minimum level requires extensive modifications to the existing power systems. There is great interest at present in expanding the use of distributed generation, as distributed generation (DG) units comprise renewable and non-renewable sources.

   Wind energy is depending on the injected power from the wind speed, therefore, fluctuations in wind velocity can affect branch power flows, and network stability, It is widely known that transient stability also is an important aspect in designing and upgrading the electric power system, and angular stability assessment of wind power generator is one of the main issues in power system security and operation. The angular stability for the wind power generator is determined by Critical Clearing Time (CCT).

  This research presents and analyze the effect of wind power on the transient fault behavior and investigated the impact of wind generation on power system performance by increasing gradually the rate of wind power penetration and changing the location of wind resources. It is necessary to estimate the maximum level of wind energy that will not affect the stability of the power system.

  The power system stability analysis for Libyan Western Network is considered as a case study where the fault test is created on different busses, and determine the critical clearing time (CCT), as an index for stability.

  The simulation analysis was established on the Libyan western network by ETAP software.

In this paper the influence of various heat treatments, such as hardening, tempering, normalizing and annealing, on the mechanical properties of the medium-carbon steel C45 was carried out by heating samples of the C45 alloy to the austenite phase field at 840˚C for 24 minutes. The socking time during the austenitizing treatment was calculated based on 1 hour per 1 inch section of the heat treated samples. In order to create different mechanical properties, the heated samples were directly cooled down from the austenitizing to room temperatures using three different cooling medium, which were; water quenching “hardening treatment”, air cooling “normalizing treatment” and cooling in shutdown furnace “annealing treatment”.

The mechanical properties of C45 alloy in the as-received condition, as well as, at the various heat treatment conditions were evaluated by conducting tensile, hardness and impact testes. The investigation results showed significant variation in the  mechanical properties of C45 alloy with

the cooling rate employed upon heat treatment

Rest areas for highways are one of the important highway services to meet the needs, requirements, and activities of highway users and motorized vehicles. This paper discusses the problem of the weak and deteriorating infrastructure of service stations and highway rest areas linking Libyan cities. Consequently, this problem causes an increase in the number of accidents on highways because of fatigue suffered by the travellers. This paper aims to detail a guideline for designing standard highway rest areas. This effective tool will reduce the rates of serious accidents on highways in Libya and create comfortable and accessible services facilities distributed regularly on both sides of the highways. From this standpoint, this paper raises a number of questions through which it sheds light on all types, components, standards, characteristics, and services provided by the rest areas. The methodology adopted in this paper is the inductive approach to a number of strategies that have been used to develop highway rest areas in several countries around the world. It also uses the analytical method for collecting data by questioning users of the Sixty’s Rest House located on the Nalut Road, Libya, using the two types of tools, the questionnaire and the interview. This paper concludes that it is necessary to develop this type of service facility through the improvement of existing rest areas and the establishment of new rest areas. Each rest area should follow the requirements of the modern era in highway services, according to the standard guidelines for planning, distribution, and design outlined in this paper. 

In this Study has been used three different types of pulling wire metal a (iron - copper - aluminum) ,and mold of one type made of tungsten carbide , has been used different diameters of wire starting from 2 mm to 12 mm and different angles of drawing mold from the angle 2 to 14 degrees and different percentages to reducing diameters of the wires, and also different speeds have been used to pull the wires and different coefficients of friction between the mold and drawn metal as a result of using different material lubrication.

The program used is ANSYS WORKBENCH ,to analyzes the variables , (speed - coefficient of friction - the angles of the mold - temperature - and specifications of the drawing wire and the mold),  after good results were obtained for the stresses and temperatures, resulting from drawing process.

 we obtained the optimal percentage of reducing wire drawing diameter in different angles of the mold and these percentages ranging from 33% to 40%, and these results are shown in ( stress with percentages of reducing the diameters of the wires ) diagrams. We did not find any previous studies in the field to compare them with these results.